The tennis balls used at Wimbledon have travelled 50,570 miles around the world before they land on Andy Murray’s racket on Centre Court.
Slazenger is a quintessentially British sports equipment manufacturer and has been the official ball supplier for Wimbledon since 1902, with its headquarters based at Shirebrook in Derbyshire.
But their official Wimbledon ball flies between 11 countries and across four continents before being manufactured in Bataan in the Philippines and then travelling the final 6,660 miles to SW19 as illustrated in the infographic (which you can download by clicking on the image or the links below)
Dr Mark Johnson, Associate Professor of Operations Management at Warwick Business School, has looked into the supply chain of the Wimbledon tennis ball and unearthed the surprisingly long and complex journey to one of the world’s biggest sporting events.
Dr Johnson said: “It is one of the longest journeys I have seen for a product. On the face of it, travelling more than 50,000 miles to make a tennis ball does seem fairly ludicrous, but it just shows the global nature of production these days, and in the end, this will be the most cost-effective way of making tennis balls.
“Slazenger are locating production near the primary source of their materials, which if you look at most current supply chains today, is not the case.
“Before the financial crash when logistics costs were really high a lot of firms did this, but now it is not so common. But the tennis ball provides Slazenger with the perfect synchronisation of materials produced at a very low cost near to the manufacturing labour in the Philippines, which is also at very low cost.”
A complex supply chain sees clay shipped from South Carolina in the USA, silica from Greece, magnesium carbonate from Japan, zinc oxide from Thailand, sulphur from South Korea and rubber from Malaysia to Bataan where the rubber is vulcanized – a chemical process for making the rubber more durable.
Wool is then shipped from New Zealand to Stroud in Gloucestershire, where it is weaved into felt and then flown back to Bataan in the Philippines.
Meanwhile, petroleum naphthalene from Zibo in China and glue from Basilan in the Philippines are brought to Bataan where Slazenger, which was bought by Sports Direct in 2004, manufacture the ball. Finally tins are shipped in from Indonesia and once the balls have been packaged they are sent to Wimbledon.
Dr Johnson said: “Slazenger shut down the factory in Barnsley in the early 2000s and moved the equipment to Bataan in the Philippines. They still get the felt from Stroud, as it requires a bit more technical expertise. Shipping wool from New Zealand to Stroud and then sending the felt back to the Philippines adds a lot of miles, but they obviously want to use the best wool for the Wimbledon balls.
“Apart from that part, they have managed to keep the supply chain relatively short, and centred round the Philippines.”
Mark Johnson’s research has been published in Research Policy, the International Journal of Operations and Production Management, the International Journal of Production Economics and the International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management amongst others, and is forthcoming in the Journal of Supply Chain Management. Dr Johnson has worked with a number of companies in his research and education. These include: Rolls-Royce, BAE Systems, Atos Origin, PA Consulting, UK Trade and Investment, DB Schenker, British American Tobacco, HP Enterprise Services, Jaguar Land Rover, GKN Aerospace and GVA Grimley. He teaches a range of subjects at undergraduate, postgraduate and executive level. These include: Operations Management, Supply Chain Management and managing inter-organizational relationships. Dr Johnson is a member of the ESRC peer review college and the editorial boards of the Journal of Operations Management, Journal of Supply Chain Management and is Systems Editor for the International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. He was a POMS (Production and Operations Management Society) Emerging Scholar in 2009.
